I recently took my CWAP 403 test and after two months of studying I failed in my first try. I scored 63%, 70% is needed to pass the test. It was a failure however I did learn couple of lessons and one of the most important lesson I learned was, “unless I am 200% certain…
Category: Certifications
CWAP – Group Key Handshake
Group Key Handshake is a two way handshake that happens when an access point needs to deliver a new GTK to all client stations. GTK is used to encrypt the broadcast and multicast traffic. An important thing to remember here is that this is a separate process as opposed to PTK generation, if it was…
CWAP – 802.11 Frames
So with 802.11 there are different types of frames they they all have sub-types. Knowing these frames and where to find them is helpful when capturing data. It is not fun trying to get them in your head when studying for the test, however in my opinion it is easy when you are actually looking…
CWAP 403 – PHY (PLCP)
802.11 is Layer 2 and Layer 1. After frames come to Layer 1 from PPDU pre 802.11-2016 standard shows there are two interfaces PLCP and PMD as show below. NOTE: Per 802.11-2016 there is no longer PMD and PLCP, please read this article R.I.P. PMD by Robert Haviland explaining it really well. Since my post…
CWAP – Machine State/EAP/4-Way Handshake
This is something that keeps coming up while studying for different certifications and I always have to review everything, flip through the pages since there are technically 3 sections here, I decided to write up a quick overview of all 3 including the flow as shown in the diagram below. When a Wireless Client connects…
My CCNA Wireless Journey
CCNA Wireless Resources So finally Jan 9th, 2017 (NOTE: This is an older blog entry just showing up here because I’m migrating everything to a new blog) I was able to pass my CCNA Wireless. This has been long overdue and I have been so busy that I never had the chance to sit for…